{"id":292,"date":"2023-02-23T12:11:36","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T12:11:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/?page_id=292"},"modified":"2023-03-01T18:44:54","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T18:44:54","slug":"halloween","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/?page_id=292","title":{"rendered":"Halloween"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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B2\/C1 Level<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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B1 Level<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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A2 Level<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Halloween is a holiday celebrated each year on October 31. The tradition originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in), when people would light bonfires<\/span> and wear costumes to ward off<\/strong> ghosts.  This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the new year.  Celts believed that on this night, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred<\/strong>, and that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

By 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. In the course of 400 years, two festivals of Roman origin were combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain, one of which being Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the passing of the dead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

In 609 A.D., Pope Boniface IV dedicated the Pantheon in Rome in honor of all Christian martyrs<\/strong> and was later expanded to include all saints as well as all martyrs, and observed on November 1.  By the 9th century, the influence of Christianity had spread into Celtic lands, where it gradually blended with<\/strong> and supplanted<\/strong> older Celtic rites.  The All Saints\u2019 Day celebration was also called All-hallows or All-hallowmas (from Middle English Alholowmesse meaning All Saints\u2019 Day) and the night before it began to be called All-Hallows Eve and, eventually, Halloween.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

As the beliefs and customs of different European ethnic groups and the American Indians meshed, a distinctly American version of Halloween began to emerge. The first celebrations were public events held to celebrate the harvest. Neighbors would share stories of the dead, tell each other\u2019s fortunes, dance and sing.  In the second half of the 19th century, America was flooded with new immigrants. These new immigrants, especially the Irish fleeing the Irish Potato Famine, helped to popularize the celebration of Halloween nationally.  Between 1920 and 1950, the<\/span> centuries-old practice of trick-or-treating was also revived. Trick-or-treating was a relatively inexpensive way for an entire community to share the Halloween celebration. Thus<\/strong>, a new American tradition was born, and it has continued to grow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Comprehension<\/summary>
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1) What is the origin of Halloween?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) What was the original purpose of lighting bonfires and wearing costumes on the holiday?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) How did the celebration of Halloween change over time in America?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vocabulary<\/summary>
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Match the words to the definition<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Ward off                           <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) blurred<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) martyrs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) blend (with)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) <\/strong>supplant<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6) thus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) <\/strong>someone who dies for their religion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) to overtake, to take the place of<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) to keep something away<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) to mix with<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e) unclear, not able to be seen clearly<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f) therefore, as a result<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Grammar Highlights<\/summary>
\n

You can use \u201cwould\u201d with the same meaning as \u201cused to\u201d for past routines, as long as you have a time associated with it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe tradition originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in), when people would light bonfires<\/span> and wear costumes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use a comma after expressions before the subject of a sentence:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Between 1920 and 1950, the <\/span>centuries-old practice of trick-or-treating was also revived”<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

*This article was adapted from another article to make it more suitable for English learners. You can read the original article here.<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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B2\/C1 Level<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
B1 Level<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

A2 Level<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Halloween is a holiday celebrated each year on October 31. The tradition originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in), when people used to light fires and wear costumes to keep ghosts away.  This day marked the end of summer and the harvest<\/strong> and the beginning of the new year.  Celts believed that on this night, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became unclear, and that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

By 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered<\/span> the majority of Celtic territory. A festival of Roman origin<\/strong>, was combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain. It was called Feralia<\/span> and was held in late October when the Romans traditionally celebrated the passing<\/strong> of the dead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

In 609 A.D., Pope Boniface IV declared All Saints Day on November 1.  By the 9th century, the influence of Christianity had spread<\/strong> and gradually<\/strong> mixed with Celtic traditions.  The All Saints\u2019 Day celebration was also called All-hallowmas (from Middle English Alholowmesse meaning All Saints\u2019 Day) and the night before it was called All-Hallows Eve and, eventually, Halloween.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

As the beliefs and customs<\/strong> of different European groups and the American Indians mixed, an American version of Halloween began. The first celebrations were public events held to celebrate the harvest where neighbors would share stories of the dead.  In the second half of the 19th century, many new immigrants helped to popularize the celebration of Halloween.  Between 1920 and 1950, trick-or-treating began, which was an inexpensive way for an entire community to share the Halloween celebration. From this, a new American tradition was born.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Comprehension<\/summary>
\n

1) When is Halloween celebrated?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) What was the original purpose of lighting fires and wearing costumes during the Celtic festival of Samhain?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) What was the purpose of combining the festival of Feralia with the Celtic celebration of Samhain?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vocabulary<\/summary>
\n

Match the words to the definition<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) harvest                        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) origin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) passing (pass away)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) spread<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) gradually<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6) customs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) traditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) to extend over a larger area<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) slowly<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) collecting food from farms in Autumn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e) a polite way of saying “to die”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f) the beginning of something<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Grammar Highlights<\/summary>
\n

Use past perfect tense to talk about a time before another time in the past:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBy 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered<\/span> the majority of Celtic territory\u201d (they conquered before 43 A.D.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use the passive voice to keep the focus on the object, not the people doing the action:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt was called<\/span> Feralia\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

*This article was adapted from another article to make it more suitable for English learners. You can read the original article here.<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

B2\/C1 Level<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

B1 Level<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
A2 Level<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Halloween is a holiday celebrated each year on October 31. The tradition started with the ancient<\/strong> Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in), when people used to wear costumes<\/strong><\/span> to keep ghosts away.  This day marked the end of summer and the beginning of the new year.  Celts believed that on this night, the worlds of the living and the dead combine<\/strong>, and that ghosts returned to earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

By 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. The Roman festival Feralia was held<\/strong> in late October when the Romans traditionally celebrated the dead.  This festival was combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

In 609 A.D., Pope Boniface IV started All Saints Day on November 1.  By the 9th century, Christianity had spread<\/strong> and mixed with Celtic traditions.  The All Saints\u2019 Day celebration was also called All-hallowmas and the night before it was called All-Hallows Eve and, eventually, Halloween.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

As the beliefs of different European groups and the American Indians mixed, an American version of Halloween began. The first celebrations were public events where neighbors shared<\/strong> stories of the dead.  In the second half of the 19th century, many new immigrants helped to popularize the celebration of Halloween.  Between 1920 and 1950, trick-or-treating began, which was a way for an entire community to share the Halloween celebration. From this, a new American tradition was born.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Comprehension<\/summary>
\n

1) What is Halloween?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Why did Celts wear costumes during Samhain?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) What is the origin of the tradition of trick-or-treating?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vocabulary<\/summary>
\n

Match the words to the definition<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) ancient<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) costumes                                 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) combine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) to be held<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) spread<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6) share<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) to use or do something together<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) to move to a bigger area<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) clothes of a different character<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) to have an event<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e) very old<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f) to put two things together<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Grammar Highlights<\/summary>
\n

Use \u201cused to\u201d for routines in the past<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026people used to wear<\/span> costumes to keep ghosts away.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

*This article was adapted from another article to make it more suitable for English learners. You can read the original article here.<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B2\/C1 Level B1 Level A2 Level Halloween is a holiday celebrated each year on October 31. The tradition originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in), when people would light bonfires and wear costumes to ward off ghosts.  This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":135,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"hide_page_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-292","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=292"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":402,"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/292\/revisions\/402"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onlineenglishcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}